16 March 2025

Coffee Series






This coffee series excerpts heavily from Uncommon Grounds by Mark Pendergrast, 1999, a Harvard graduate, investigative journalist, and independent scholar, also the author of For God, Country, and Coca-Cola, excerpted in the Coca-Cola Series. Coffee is a global industry that is rich in history and conflict, defining much of the recent history of Central America and Brazil. Coffee is so desired that it may have been, and could still become, a form of money. For coffee lovers, Uncommon Grounds is a fascinating read.


Uncommon Grounds by Mark Pendergrast, 1999, Excerpts

Coffee has assumed a social meaning that goes far beyond the simple black brew in the cup. The worldwide coffee culture is more than a culture – it is a cult. Starbucks outlets populate every street corner, vying for space with other coffeehouses and chains. A good cup of coffee can turn the worst day tolerable, provide an all-important moment of contemplation, and rekindle romance. And yet, poetic as its taste may be, coffee’s history is rife with controversy and politics. 

Beginning as a medicinal drink for the elite, coffee became the favored modern stimulant of the blue-collar worker during his break, the gossip started in middle-class kitchens, the romantic binder for wooing couples, and the sole, bitter companion of the lost soul. Coffeehouses have provided places to plan revolutions, write poetry, do business, and meet friends. The drink became such an intrinsic part of Western culture that it has seeped into an incredible number of popular songs [Find].

Coffee provides one fascinating thread, stitching together the disciplines of history, anthropology, sociology, psychology, medicine, and business, and offering a way to follow the interactions that have formed a global economy.

Coffee. May you enjoy its convoluted history over many cups.






Coffee and Central America



Artist: Renee Bolmeijer


Coca-Cola to buy Costa coffee for £3.9bn
31 Aug 2018
Coca-Cola is to buy the Costa coffee chain from owner Whitbread in a deal worth £3.9bn. Whitbread bought Costa, which is now the UK's biggest coffee chain, for just £19m in 1995. At the time, it had just 39 outlets. It now has more than 2,400 UK coffee shops, as well as some 1,400 outlets in 31 overseas markets. Costa Express has 8,237 vending machines worldwide. Coca-Cola chief executive James Quincey told investors that Costa “can go global". As well as being the largest UK coffee chain, Costa is also the world's second largest. It is looking to triple its presence in China, where it is second to Starbucks.





28 January 2025

Managerial Aristocracy



Citigroup Plutonomy Report, 2005, Excerpts
Plutonomies have occurred before in sixteenth century Spain, in seventeenth century Holland, the Gilded Age and the Roaring Twenties. In the early 20th century, capital income was the big chunk for the top 0.1% of households, since the mid-eighties, mainly from oversized salaries. The rich in the U.S. went from coupon-clipping, dividend-receiving rentiers to a Managerial Aristocracy indulged by their shareholders.

The Managerial Aristocracy commandeers a vast chunk of that rising profit share. We think the trend of cost-cutting-balance-sheet-improving CEOs might just give way to risk-seeking CEOs, re-leveraging, going for growth and expecting disproportionate compensation for it. The earth is being held up by the muscular arms of its entrepreneur-plutocrats, like it, or not.

Globalization is keeping the supply of labor in surplus. On-going globalization is making it easier for companies to either outsource manufacturing from cheap emerging markets like China and India, or “offshore” manufacturing, move production to lower cost countries. Those being undercut are losers in the short term. This tends to lead to calls for protectionism and anti-immigration policies.

Louis XIV