04 May 2025

The Form of Money -- A Treatise


Money is the lowest common denominator of valuation among a society, the blood of trade, primary to societal interaction, and should be perfect in concept and form. If the form of money is not perfect in concept and form, societal stress will eventually ensue with potentially horrific consequences if ignored. Money is not the root of all evil; however, flawed money is the root of significant evils.

Money has had many forms over the millenniums, extending long before written history. Some remnants of those ancient forms of money remain with us today: the penny looks copper, the quarter and dime look silver, and nickel is supposed to be nickel, and the dollar coin looks gold, testimony to the endurance of the ancient forms of money. The transition from these ancient forms to the now dominant form, Legal Tender, birthed 2,600 years ago by King Croesus, has been a prolonged epic of consolidating monetary control by nation/states and has been the prime driver of Western Civilization growth.

Legal Tender is a legal contrivance, and when issued in the form of debt is nothing more than a pyramid/ponzi scheme. The quantification of debt wrongfully applies the algebraic concept of exponential growth - compounding interest - upon money. The distinction between usury and interest is an arbitrary legal determination with no basis in mathematics. Nothing can grow forever at an ever-increasing rate. As time moves on, the emphasis of ever-increasing growth becomes omnipresent, is quantified and institutionalized in the societal structure, encouraging over consumption, over development, and excessive expectations, pushing economic stress to its upper limit of expansion, eventually inciting conflict and spawning War to insure growth.

Economic systems of capitalism, communism, socialism, imperialism, colonialism, totalitarianism, fascism, nazism, monarchism, corporatism, and all other centralist monetary-isms maintain the monopolized control of money, and hence the control of society itself, through their own brand of Legal Tender that excludes other forms of money from the Market.

Today, Legal Tender is a near global reality, an epochal consolidation of Markets, heading exponentially towards a global conclusion. Legal Tender is a severely flawed form of money, debt money, and has skewed the concepts of ownership, institutionalized into Law and Enforcement.

The eventual conclusion of this monetary epoch, the triggering event, and the ensuing transition to the next, offers extreme potential of good and bad, impacting everyone and rippling for generations to come. Beyond Legal Tender is a truly Free Market where money is adaptable and flexible, in balance with individual needs, societal needs, environmental needs, and the needs of the greater reality.



16 March 2025

Coffee Series






This coffee series excerpts heavily from Uncommon Grounds by Mark Pendergrast, 1999, a Harvard graduate, investigative journalist, and independent scholar, also the author of For God, Country, and Coca-Cola, excerpted in the Coca-Cola Series. Coffee is a global industry that is rich in history and conflict, defining much of the recent history of Central America and Brazil. Coffee is so desired that it may have been, and could still become, a form of money. For coffee lovers, Uncommon Grounds is a fascinating read.


Uncommon Grounds by Mark Pendergrast, 1999, Excerpts

Coffee has assumed a social meaning that goes far beyond the simple black brew in the cup. The worldwide coffee culture is more than a culture – it is a cult. Starbucks outlets populate every street corner, vying for space with other coffeehouses and chains. A good cup of coffee can turn the worst day tolerable, provide an all-important moment of contemplation, and rekindle romance. And yet, poetic as its taste may be, coffee’s history is rife with controversy and politics. 

Beginning as a medicinal drink for the elite, coffee became the favored modern stimulant of the blue-collar worker during his break, the gossip started in middle-class kitchens, the romantic binder for wooing couples, and the sole, bitter companion of the lost soul. Coffeehouses have provided places to plan revolutions, write poetry, do business, and meet friends. The drink became such an intrinsic part of Western culture that it has seeped into an incredible number of popular songs [Find].

Coffee provides one fascinating thread, stitching together the disciplines of history, anthropology, sociology, psychology, medicine, and business, and offering a way to follow the interactions that have formed a global economy.

Coffee. May you enjoy its convoluted history over many cups.






Coffee and Central America



Artist: Renee Bolmeijer


Coca-Cola to buy Costa coffee for £3.9bn
31 Aug 2018
Coca-Cola is to buy the Costa coffee chain from owner Whitbread in a deal worth £3.9bn. Whitbread bought Costa, which is now the UK's biggest coffee chain, for just £19m in 1995. At the time, it had just 39 outlets. It now has more than 2,400 UK coffee shops, as well as some 1,400 outlets in 31 overseas markets. Costa Express has 8,237 vending machines worldwide. Coca-Cola chief executive James Quincey told investors that Costa “can go global". As well as being the largest UK coffee chain, Costa is also the world's second largest. It is looking to triple its presence in China, where it is second to Starbucks.