20 October 2026

Accumulated Old Wealth


Wealth Gap Series

Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Pikett
2014, Excerpts

Foreign possessions became important in the period 1750-1800. It was the nineteenth century that British subjects began to acquire considerable assets in the rest of the world, in amounts previously unknown and never surpassed to this day. By the eve of WWI, Britain had assembled the world’s preeminent colonial empire and owned foreign assets. France was the second most important colonial power.

By the turn of the twentieth century, capital invested abroad was yielding around 5 percent a year in dividends, interest, and rent. A fairly significant social group was able to live off this boon. The rest of world worked to increase consumption by the colonial powers and at the same time became more and more indebted to those same powers.

France and Britain have always been countries based on private property; private wealth has always dominated public wealth. Private wealth in 2010 accounts for virtually all of national wealth in both countries: more than 99 percent in Britain and roughly 95 percent in France.





19 October 2026

Wealth Gap


Wealth Gap Series

Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty
2014, Excerpts

Physical reality of inequality is visible to the naked eye. Peasant and noble, worker and factory owner, waiter and banker: each has his or her own unique vantage point and sees important aspects of how other people live and what relations of power and domination exist between social groups, and these observations shape each person’s judgment of what is and is not just. There is a fundamentally subjective and psychological dimension to inequality, which inevitably gives rise to political conflict.

An economy and society cannot continue functioning indefinitely with such extreme divergence between social groups. The widening wealth gap raises many questions as to its long term consequences. The way this large divergence of income distribution has evolved demands an explanation.

The unlimited growth of global wealth inequality, which is currently increasing at a rate that cannot be sustained in the long run, ought to worry even the most fervent champions of the self-regulated market. It is an illusion to think that the laws of the market economy ensure that inequality of wealth will decrease and harmonious stability will be achieved.

 

 

18 October 2026

Wealth Gap Series


This series explores the widening Wealth Gap and its impact on class and race relations, excerpting heavily from Thomas Piketty, professor at the Paris School of Economics, depicting the structural cause of the wealth gap in his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century published in 2014. The book created quite a stir at the time, getting both rave reviews and harsh critiques, and remains relevant. Essentially, he provides a historical basis that a widening wealth gap eventually spawns war and unrest. And since 2014, the gap has grown to unimagined extremes, heading exponentially to a resolution.

Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty 
2014, Excerpts
The central thesis of this book is that a small gap between the return on capital and the rate of income growth can in the long run have powerful and destabilizing effects on the structure and dynamics of social inequality.

The concentration of wealth and prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. The main driver of inequality – the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of income growth – generates extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values.

There is no fundamental reason why we should believe that growth is automatically balanced. We should put the question of inequality back at the center of economic analysis and begin asking questions first raised in the nineteenth century. For far too long, economists have neglected the distribution of wealth.
The latest book by the French economist Thomas Piketty appears unlikely to be sold in mainland China after he refused requests to censor it. The Chinese president, Xi Jinping, has expressed admiration for Piketty’s work, but Capital and Ideology, which was published last year, has not made it to the mainland China market due to sections on inequality in the country.

Obama’s Farewell Address, Excerpts
10 Jan 2017
Stark inequality is corrosive to our democratic idea. While the top 1 percent has amassed a bigger share of wealth and income, too many of our families in inner cities and in rural counties have been left behind. Convinced that the game is fixed against them. That their government only serves the interest of the powerful. That’s a recipe for more cynicism and polarization in our politics. Workers of all shades are going to be left fighting for scraps while the wealthy withdraw further into their private enclaves.
It seems safe to say that “Capital in the Twenty-First Century,” the magnum opus of the French economist Thomas Piketty, will be the most important economics book of the year — and maybe of the decade. Mr. Piketty, arguably the world’s leading expert on income and wealth inequality, does more than document the growing concentration of income in the hands of a small economic elite. He also makes a powerful case that we’re on the way back to “patrimonial capitalism,” in which the commanding heights of the economy are dominated not just by wealth, but also by inherited wealth, in which birth matters more than effort and talent.

Wikipedia: Wealth inequality in the United States

The distributive nature of tax policy has been suggested by some economists and politicians such as Emmanuel Saez, Thomas Piketty, and Barack Obama to perpetuate economic inequality in America by steering large sums of wealth into the hands of the wealthiest Americans. This claim has created much controversy and debate within the academic and political spheres.

In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, French economist Thomas Piketty argues that "extremely high levels" of wealth inequality are "incompatible with the meritocratic values and principles of social justice fundamental to modern democratic societies" and that "the risk of a drift towards oligarchy is real and gives little reason for optimism about where the United States is headed".